Martyrs of Córdoba, The

Between 850 and 859 the Muslim government of Córdoba executed forty-eight Christians on two different charges. Most were accused of making denigrating remarks about the prophet Mauhammad, which under Islamic law was a capital offence for non’Muslims. Some were Christians with one or more Muslims parent and were therfore considered under Islamic law to be […]

Spain in the Middle Ages

Dr MacKay brings clarity to the medieval history of Spain by concentrating on two themes which provide the key to much of Spanish historical devlopment:”the frontier” from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries; and “the preparation for Empire”during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries.

Petrus Alfonsi and his medieval readers

In the twelfth century a wave of Arabic texst swept north across the Pyrenees, changing the intellectual map of Latin Europe and making possible – in the thirteenth century – the rise of the University of Paris and the birth of Scholasticism. It was te translators who made this possible, who made these texts over […]

Songs of Holy Mary of Alfonso X, The Wise

Few truly masterly works in literature, music, and graphic arts have been as sadly neglectes as the thirteenth-century “Cantigas de Santa Maria”of king Alfonso X “El Sabio” (1221-1284). This collection of 420 poems and songs recounting miracles performed by the Virgin Mary was written not in Castillian but in Galician-Portuguese, an important spoken and literary […]

Early Medieval Spain

The history of the Iberian peninsula, from at least Roman times to the present, has been characterised by a tension between the radical and cultural diversity of its different regions and the attempts of successive rulers to impose a political and natinal unity upon it. From this conflict a distinctive Hispanic identity has emerged. In […]